Social Class Divisions of the Gold Coast
Today is the first sunny day in a week. The changing leaves on the trees that line north State Street cast shadows along the spotless sidewalks of the Gold Coast. The southeast corner of Church and State Street and east Goethe Street in Chicago is deemed “Churchill Corner” to recognize Doctor Frank Spooner Churchill, a man worthy of such an honor. According to the plaque on the side of Churchill’s house from the early 1900s Churchill was, “an early pediatrician, medical inspector of Chicago’s Board of Health who pioneered reforms for pure food, water, air, and sanitation; Physician to the Juvenile Court who advanced psychology for the rehabilitation of children.”
Despite the warm air a woman is dressed in a floor length black, mink fur coat and a matching hat that rests on her bleached blonde hair. She is being pulled along by her husband dressed in an Armani suit down north State Street. The yappy dog that acts as a pseudo child for the woman is outfitted in a Burberry collar and a Burberry checked wool coat. It has a panicked look in its bulging eyes while neither person says anything as the man drags her further north up State. A leaf helicopters off of a tree planted by the city of Chicago to reflect the seasons. It barely touches the ground before a blue street sweeping machine comes by and sucks it up.
Just a block away on the corner of State and Scott is a CVS pharmacy. The broken red sign reads “CS Pharmacy.” Two little black boys play on their skateboards. Remnants of cigarettes are collecting in the space between the curb and the street. People out for their daily jog avoid the skateboard that has just shot out from underneath one of the boys as it flies out into the intersection.
Two cops sit in their car and stare straight north but only God knows why since all the action is going on behind them. Looking north on State street all they can see are the quiet yellow tree lined streets covered with Mercedes, BMWs, and Jaguars. Behind the cops homeless men sleep or shake their Starbucks cups full of change on the steps of the Holy Name Cathedral. Meanwhile at the Barneys New York across the street people stop to look at the window displays of the Manolo Blahnik yellow alligator high heels that are priced at $3,000. Probably not what Dr. Churchill had in mind one hundred years ago as he worked relentlessly to get people better food, clean water, and fresh air.
Class divisions are as clear as ever and they are especially apparent within the city. Although hardly any of State Street is particularly “bad” there is quite a difference between boys playing plastic buckets for money to the people who carry bags upon bags of Barneys, Intermix, Ugg, and Saks Fifth Avenue paraphernalia. Dr. Churchill’s former house on the corner of State and Goethe is the size of at least three mansions. Today it is subdivided into luxurious condominiums but from 1898 to 1917 the house was a salon for social progress.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century when a mother was unable to breastfeed her baby many doctors recommended that a wet nurse be hired to provide nourishment for the child. Oftentimes families that needed to hire wet nurses were financially well off, whereas wet nurses were usually lower class and had little or no education. This led to feelings of animosity to both the family as well as the wet nurse. Families thought of the wet nurses as curses rather than blessings that kept their children alive (Wolf 97). Wet nurses probably despised families that they worked for because they were not appreciated. Dr. Churchill saw this clash and he helped that wet nurses. He told colleagues at a meeting of the American Pediatric Society, "I am sure that breast feeding is a most valuable factor in the reduction of our mortality and think wet-nurses should be a part of the regular equipment of a hospital" (Wolf 106). Though Dr. Chuchill was unable to come between the class divide of the wealthy and the poor he was able to have wet nurses become more accepted within the community by pointing out their value to babies and families.
In her Christian Louboutin heels, a young woman clomps down the street as she hauls her array of shopping bags to a taxi. She keeps her eyes down as a woman surrounded by cardboard signs outside of Starbucks moans about how hungry she is and God bless the world.